ANSWERS..

1. Transcribe CLIA

-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA)

2. Transcribe RLU

- relative light units (RLU)


3-4. Give the advantages of CLIA over the conventional colorimetric method.
-economical alternative to conventional colorimetric methodologies, such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
-does not require long incubations or the addition of stopping reagents, as is the case in some colorimetric assays

5. What is the labeled antibody used?
- horseradish peroxidase

6. Why is there a need of washing the solution?
-After a 60 minutes incubation at room temperature, the wells are washed 5 times by wash solution to remove unbound T4 conjugate


7-9. What is the relationship of emitted light to the amount of enzyme present and to the amount of unlabelled T4 in the sample?
-The intensity of the emitting light is proportional to the amount of enzyme present and is inversely related to the amount of unlabeled T4 in the sample.


10. What is the possible result if you fail to wash the solution?
- The wash procedure is critical. Insufficient washing will result in poor precision and falsely elevated absorbance readings

answers to quiz on thyroid hormones

1. What is the most important protein that helps in the binding of T4 and has a higher affinity for T4?

thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)

2. It is the choice of test that aids in the evaluation of thyroid function and/or symptoms of hyper -or hypothyroidism. It is also used to evaluate a patient with goiter and aids in the diagnosis of female infertility.

TSH test

3. Method of choice for measuring T4 in the clinical laboratory.

Immunoassay

4. What is the reference value of T4?

10-26mg/dl

5. Give at least one label that is use in non-isotonic method for evaluating T4.

horseradish peroxidaes, alkaline phosphate and beta-L-galactosidase

6. Refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Goiter

7. It occurs if there’s an inhibition of the formation and release of thyroid hormone, and when the thyroid is exposed to rapid and large increases of iodine.

Wolff- Chaikoff effect

8.Example of a drug that serves as an antiarrhythmic drug that causes inhibition of T4 monodeiodination.

Amiodarone

9. It is a glycoprotein which serves as a performed matrix to which reactive iodine is attached to form residues of MIT, DIT, (T3) and (T4).

Thyroglobulin

10. It is a Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis that is said to be occasionally associated with an overactive thyroid state but more often results in hypothyroidism.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Case analysis:

A 56 year old female, is experiencing chronic fatigue, headache, weight gain, constipation, and milky discharge from the breasts. The doctor prescribed higher doses of drugs,what are the possible reasons for the higher dose?

The standard drug treatment for hypothyroidism is a daily dose of a synthetic thyroid hormone called levothyroxine. This drug helps normalize blood levels of T4, TSH, and a third thyroid hormone called triidothyronine(T3).

Many prescription medications can interact with levothyroxine and either increase or decrease its potency. (Be sure your doctor knows all medications you are currently taking.) Large amounts of dietary fiber can also interfere with levothyroxine treatment. People who eat high-fiber diets.

These hormones can also alter the actions of other hormones and drugs.

What other tests would you recommend?

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)test for antithyroid antibodies and check your cholesterol levels. Based on these test results, the doctor will decide whether to prescribe